Cleaning up Ubuntu 14.10,14.04,13.10 system

Remove partial packages

This is yet another built-in feature, but this time it is not used in Synaptic Package Manager. It is used in the Terminal. Now, in the Terminal, key in the following command

sudo apt-get autoclean

Then enact the package clean command. What this commnad does is to clean remove .deb packages that apt caches when you install/update programs. To use the clean command type the following in a terminal window:

sudo apt-get clean

You can then use the autoremove command. What the autoremove command does is to remove packages installed as dependencies after the original package is removed from the system. To use autoremove tye the following in a terminal window:

sudo apt-get autoremove

Remove unnecessary locale data

For this we need to install localepurge.Automagically remove unnecessary locale data.This is just a simple script to recover diskspace wasted for unneeded locale files and localized man pages. It will automagically be invoked upon completion of any apt installation run.

Install localepurge in Ubuntu

sudo apt-get install localepurge

After installing anything with apt-get install, localepurge will remove all translation files and translated man pages in languages you cannot read.

If you want to configure localepurge you need to edit /etc/locale.nopurge

This can save you several megabytes of disk space, depending on the packages you have installed.

Example:-

I am trying to install dicus using apt-get

sudo apt-get install discus

after end of this installation you can see something like below

localepurge: Disk space freed in /usr/share/locale: 41860K

Remove "orphaned" packages

If you want to remove orphaned packages you need to install deborphan package.

Install deborphan in Ubuntu

sudo apt-get install deborphan

Using deborphan

Open Your terminal and enter the following command

sudo deborphan | xargs sudo apt-get -y remove --purge

Remove "orphaned" packages Using GtkOrphan

GtkOrphan (a Perl/Gtk2 application for debian systems) is a graphical tool which analyzes the status of your installations, looking for orphaned libraries. It implements a GUI front-end for deborphan, adding the package-removal capability.

Install GtkOrphan in Ubuntu

Open the terminal and run the following command

sudo apt-get install gtkorphan

Screenshot

Remove Orphan packages using Wajig

simplified Debian package management front end.Wajig is a single commandline wrapper around apt, apt-cache, dpkg,/etc/init.d scripts and more, intended to be easy to use and providing extensive documentation for all of its functions.

With a suitable sudo configuration, most (if not all) package installation as well as creation tasks can be done from a user shell. Wajig is also suitable for general system administration.A Gnome GUI command ‘gjig' is also included in the package.

Install Wajig in Ubuntu

Open the terminal and run the following command

sudo apt-get install wajig

Debfoster --- Keep track of what you did install

debfoster maintains a list of installed packages that were explicitly requested rather than installed as a dependency. Arguments are entirely optional, debfoster can be invoked per se after each run of dpkg and/or apt-get.

Alternatively you can use debfoster to install and remove packages by specifying the packages on the command line. Packages suffixed with a --- are removed while packages without a suffix are installed.

If a new package is encountered or if debfoster notices that a package that used to be a dependency is now an orphan, it will ask you what to do with it. If you decide to keep it, debfoster will just take note and continue. If you decide that this package is not interesting enough it will be removed as soon as debfoster is done asking questions. If your choices cause other packages to become orphaned more questions will ensue.

Install debfoster in Ubuntu

Open the terminal and run the following command

sudo apt-get install debfoster

Using debfoster

to create the initial keepers file use the following command

sudo debfoster -q

you can always edit the file /var/lib/debfosterkeepers which defines the packages you want to remain on your system.

to edit the keepers file type

sudo vi /var/lib/debfoster/keepers

To force debfoster to remove all packages that aren't listed in this list or dependencies of packages that are listed in this list.It will also add all packages in this list that aren't installed. So it makes your system comply with this list. Do this

sudo debfoster -f

To keep track of what you installed additionally do once in a while :

sudo debfoster

xdiskusage -- Check where the space on your hard drive goes

Displays a graphic of your disk usage with du.xdiskusage is a user-friendly program to show you what is using up all your disk space. It is based on the design of the "xdu" program written by Phillip C. Dykstra. Changes have been made so it runs "du" for you, and can display the free space left on the disk, and produce a PostScript version of the display.xdiskusage is nice if you want to easily see where the space on your hard drive goes.

Install xdiskusage in Ubuntu

sudo apt-get install xdiskusage

If you want to open this application you need to use the following command

sudo xdiskusage

Once it opens you should see similar to the following screen

Bleachbit

BleachBit quickly frees disk space and tirelessly guards your privacy. Free cache, delete cookies, clear Internet history, shred temporary files, delete logs, and discard junk you didn't know was there. Designed for Linux and Windows systems, it wipes clean a thousand applications including Firefox, Internet Explorer, Adobe Flash, Google Chrome, Opera, Safari,and more. Beyond simply deleting files, BleachBit includes advanced features such as shredding files to prevent recovery, wiping free disk space to hide traces of files deleted by other applications, and vacuuming Firefox to make it faster. Better than free, BleachBit is open source.

Install Bleachbit in ubuntu

Open the terminal and run the following command

sudo apt-get install bleachbit

Using Ubuntu-Tweak

You can also Use Ubuntu-Tweak to clean up your system

Get better performance and life from your SSD in Linux-based systems

Rule 1: Special flags for your mounts

For all SSD devices in your system remove ‘relatime’ if present and add ‘noatime’ so it looks something like this:

/dev/sdaX  /  ext4  defaults,noatime,errors=remount-ro  0  1
/dev/sdaY  /home  ext4  defaults,noatime,errors=remount-ro  0  2

Rule 2: If it’s temporary move it to RAM

Every day applications generat a lot of log files so to reduce unnecessary writes to the SSD move the temp directories into a ram disk using the ‘tmpfs’ filesystem, which dynamically expands and shrinks as needed.
In your /etc/fstab, add the following:

tmpfs  /tmp  tmpfs  defaults,noatime,mode=1777  0  0
tmpfs  /var/spool  tmpfs  defaults,noatime,mode=1777  0  0
tmpfs  /var/tmp  tmpfs  defaults,noatime,mode=1777  0  0

On the following example the size of the filesystem is 512 megabyte, if you use "defaults" it's 50% of the RAM.

tmpfs  /tmp  tmpfs  size=512m,noatime,mode=1777  0  0
tmpfs  /var/spool  tmpfs  size=512m,noatime,mode=1777  0  0

tmpfs  /var/tmp  tmpfs  size=512m,noatime,mode=1777  0  0

Rule 3: Perform TRIM cleanups periodically

Trim by “Batched Discard” is very simple. This can be manually with the following command in a terminal with root privileges or, for example, regularly via cron job to perform.

sudo fstrim -v /

If you want to let a Batched Discard regularly run automatically so that a straight editor with root privileges , the file /etc/cron.weekly/batched_discard (weekly) or /etc/cron.daily/batched_discard (daily) with the following content:

#!/bin/sh
# call fstrim to trim all mounted file systems which support it
set -e

LOG = /var/log/batched_discard.log

echo "*** $(date -R) ***" >> $LOG

exec /usr/sbin/fstrim -v / >> $LOG

chmod +x batched_discard
 I think that crond.service is enabled by default in Fedora, but doesn't hurt to check.

systemctl status crond.service

That's it.
 

Yum: Pakete einfach mittels swap-Kommando austauschen

Wer z.B. XChat durch Hexchat austauschen möchte, der macht das im Terminal in der Regel mittels

su -
yum remove xchat
yum install hexchat

Es geht jedoch deutlich einfacher, wenn man das swap-Kommando von yum nutzt:

su -c'yum swap xchat hexchat'

In diesem Beispiel wird yum mittels swap-Kommand angewiesen, das Paket xchat zu löschen und gleichzeitig das Paket hexchat zu installieren. Das swap-Kommando bietet noch einige andere Möglichkeiten, Pakete auszutauschen, die man in den Man-Pages von yum nachlesen kann.

Screenshots in Fedora

The default behaviour when pressing the PrintScreen key is to automatically place your screenshot in the Pictures folder in your home directory (i.e. "~/Pictures"). The click and the flash mean that the screenshot has been taken, so just check the Pictures folder for your screenshot.

Other than just the "Print Screen' key, which saves your whole Desktop to the Pictures folder, GNOME3 also has the following shortcuts enabled by default for screenshot actions:

• PrintScreen -- Takes a screenshot of your entire desktop and saves it to the Pictures folder.
• Alt + PrintScreen -- Saves a screenshot of the focused window to the Pictures Folder
• Shift + PrintScreen -- Lets you select an area of the screen, and saves to the Pictures Folder
• Ctrl + PrintScreen -- Takes a screenshot of your entire desktop and copies it to the clipboard.
• Ctrl + Alt + PrintScreen -- copies a screenshot of the focused window to the clipboard.
• Ctrl + Shift + PrintScreen -- Lets you select an area of the screen, and copies it to the clipboard.
• Ctrl + Shift + Alt + R -- Records a Screencast) of your entire desktop and saves it to your Videos folder.

These shortcuts also can be changed in the GNOME keyboard settings if your keyboard does not have a PrintScreen key.

---

Is there a GUI for taking screenshots, rather than keyboard shortcuts?

If you want a little bit more control over your screenshots, you can also use the GNOME screenshots tool that is included in Fedora by default (search for "Screenshot" in the overview). It provides you a simple GUI for changing settings such as showing the cursor, and screenshot delays:

I take a lot of screenshots, is there a tool for that?

Yes! Consider trying out shutter (sudo yum install shutter). It provides a session for taking a whole bunch of screenshots, editing and applying filters. It also has a whole lot more options than the default GNOME screenshot tool, such as being able to redo a previous screenshot, taking screenshots of webpages, and screenshots of menus.

Fedora 18 (preconfigure)

sudo yum install vino

you can change it after installing by using the hostnamectl command. Hostname is now in your /etc/hostname file and not in /etc/sysconfig/network
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname <newhostname> --static

sudo service sshd start
sudo chkconfig sshd on
service sshd status

sudo systemctl stop firewalld.service
sudo systemctl disable firewalld.service

sudo vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.
SELINUX=disabled # change
# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:
#targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.
#strict - Full SELinux protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted